Utilization of marine biota as a bone graft material

Pemanfaatan biota laut sebagai bahan bone graft

Abstract

In Indonesia, periodontal tissue problems are the second highest oral disease problem after dental caries. Medical research in the field of biomolecular has developed rapidly, the use of marine products as a source of basic bone graft substitutes is believed to provide better results than chemicals. This literature review provides an explanation of the use of marine biota as bone graft material by collecting references from articles on marine biota as bone graft in dentistry. Materials derived from marine life have been shown to accelerate bone healing, increase mineralisation, and bone remodelling. The shells of Pinctada maxima, Pugilina cochlidium, and Babylonia spirata have similarities to bone because of their main constituent of Ca₂CO₃. Lates calcarifer scales contain PO₄ and Chanos chanos bones can help the formation of osteoclastin as a marker of bone formation. Meanwhile, Chlo-rella vulgaris contains micronutrients that play a role in bone remineralisation so that marine biota has the potential to be used as bone graft material. It is concluded that the marine biota as bone graft materials such as pearl and conch shells, fish scales and bones, and algae are proven to contain micronutrients including minerals and vitamins that can accelerate bone healing.