Exosomes and secretome from third molar tooth germs: regenerative potential and their applications in modern dentistry

Eksosom dan sekretom dari benih gigi molar ketiga: potensi regeneratif dan aplikasinya dalam kedokteran gigi modern

Abstract

Third molar (M3) dental buds contain mesenchymal stem cells with high regenerative potential that are capable of producing exosomes and secretomes, two paracrine products that play a key role in tissue regeneration. This systematic review analyses the scientific evidence regarding exosomes and secretomes derived from M3 dental bud stem cells in terms of their regenerative therapeutic potential and their applications in dentistry. The review was conducted in ac-cordance with the PRISMA guidelines using the PICO approach. Literature was retrieved from three databases (PubMed, ScienceDirect, and Google Scholar) covering the period 2015-2025 using a combination of relevant keywords. Of the 246 articles identified, 6 met the inclusion criteria. The results of the review indicate that exosomes and secretomes from M3 dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have potential in angiogenesis, osteogenesis, immunomodulation, neuro-protection, and wound healing. This cell-free approach is considered safer, easier to standardise, and carries minimal risk compared to direct cell therapy. It is concluded that exosomes and secretomes from M3 dental pulp stem cells are strong candidates for future regenerative therapies in the fields of dentistry and medicine.