Utilization of gelatin from fish skin as a scaffold for gingival tissue regeneration

Pemanfaatan gelatin dari kulit ikan sebagai scaffold regenerasi jaringan gingiva

Abstract

Periodontal disease is a highly prevalent oral health problem that often leads to tooth loss. Conventional therapies such as scaling and root planing only halt disease progression but fail to regenerate lost tissue. Tissue engineering approaches offer a solution by utilizing scaffolds as 3D frameworks to support cell adhesion, proliferation, and differentiation. Fish skin gelatin is a promising alternative biomaterial because it is biocompatible, biodegradable, hydrophilic, free from zoonotic risks, and ethically and religiously acceptable. Various in vitro and in vivo studies have shown that fish gelatin-based scaffolds can increase gi-ngival fibroblast viability, type I collagen expression, and angiogenesis, as well as accelerate the epithelialization process with minimal inflammatory response. Chemical modifications such as crosslinking and 3D printing technology have been shown to improve mechanical stability and optimize the porous proper-ties of the scaffold. Thus, fish skin gelatin has great potential as a scaffold for gingival tissue regeneration.