The potential of oral microneedle patches as a delivery system for golden sea cucumber collagen and snakehead fish albumin for oral mucosal wound healing

Potensi oral microneedle patch sebagai sistem penghantaran kolagen teripang emas dan albumin ikan gabus untuk penyembuhan luka mukosa mulut

Abstract

This review analyses the potential for synergistic integration between golden sea cucumber (Stichopus hermanni) collagen and snakehead fish (Channa striata) albumin via a mucoadhesive oral microneedle patch delivery system to accelerate wound healing. This study employs a comprehensive literature review, exploring the biology of mucosal wound healing, the biochemical profiles of the golden sea cucumber and snakehead fish components, and the mechanism of microneedle technology. Type I collagen from the golden sea cucumber acts as a structural scaffold and a provider of proliferative signals through its in-teraction with integrins. Meanwhile, catfish albumin functions as an anti-inflammatory agent, an osmotic pressure balancer, and a provider of essential me-tabolic nutrients (such as zinc and amino acids) that support the proliferation phase. The use of dissolving microneedle technology enables precise, pain-free penetration through the epithelial barrier, whilst delivering the effects of percutaneous collagen induction therapy via mechanical microtrauma that sti-mulates the healing cascade. The design of a double-layered hybrid patch with a mucoadhesive layer has been shown to maintain drug retention in the moist oral cavity environment. The integration of S.hermanni collagen and C.striata albumin into the oral microneedle system promises a revolutionary therapeutic approach to the management of mucosal wounds through the simultaneous modulation of the NF-?B and TGF-?1 signalling pathways.