Makassar Dental Journal

Content of Volume 14 Issue 3 December 2025

MDJ — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Content of Volume 14 Issue 3 December 2025

Comparison of pulp necrosis and root gangrene cases at the Dental Clinic of the Baturiti II Community Health Centre in Tabanan

Kadek Adisty Maharani Putri, Ni Putu Idaryati, Ni Luh Putu Ariani — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Untreated dental caries can progress to pulp necrosis and subsequently to root gangren; both conditions have the potential to cause infection if left untreated. This study compared the prevalence of pulp necrosis and root gangrene cases based on gender and age at the Baturiti II Tabanan Community Health Centre during January-March 2025. A quantitative descriptive method was used with purposive sampling techniques on secondary data from the e-puskesmas system. The prevalence of root gang-rene (7.2%) was higher than that of pulp necrosis (5.9%). Female patients dominated in both cases, accounting for 52.7% of pulp necrosis cases and 56.5% of root gangrene cases. The 20-44 age group was the most common for pulp necrosis (42.1%), while root gangrene was most common in the 45-59 age group (34.8%). This indicates delayed dental care contributing to di-sease progression. Low levels of public knowledge and behavioural factors also contribute to the high incidence rates. It is con-cluded that there is a need to improve communication, information, and education regarding oral health, particularly at the pri-mary healthcare facility level.

Morphological description of tooth surfaces after application of casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate paste

Annisa Rahma Said, Asmawati Amin, Bahruddin Talib, Alqarama Mahardhika Thalib — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The use of hydrogen peroxide bleaching agents can disrupt tissue permeability, causing lesions due to the demineralisation pro-cess caused by the acidic nature of the bleaching agent. A remineralisation agent is required. Casein phosphopeptide-amorph-ous calcium phosphate (CPP-ACP) is a widely used material in preventive dentistry and has been proven to provide protection against acid. This article provides an overview of the surface morphology of teeth treated with CPP-ACP paste. The study was an experimental laboratory design with a pre-posttest and control group. Ten samples were evenly divided into two groups: control and treatment. The control samples were immersed in artificial saliva for 24 hours and then rinsed with distilled water. The treat-ment samples were treated with 35% hydrogen peroxide for 2 hours, then cleaned with distilled water and observed using SEM. Subsequently, CPP-ACP paste was applied every 8 hours for 14 consecutive days, followed by SEM observation. CPP-ACP paste was found to help inhibit demineralisation and enhance the remineralisation process of teeth. It was concluded that teeth treated with CPP-ACP paste appeared smooth with minimal shallow scratches and exhibited porosity around them with small pore sizes.

Effectiveness of Alue vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) extract on the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis

Netta Anggraini, Syakira Awlia Syah, Wulan Anggestia — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The use of antibiotics in the treatment of periodontitis often causes resistance, so alternative natural ingredients are needed. Aloe vera (Aloe barbadensis Miller) contains active compounds, which have antibacterial properties. This study tested the effec-tiveness of aloe vera extract against the growth of Porphyromonas gingivalis by measuring the inhibition zone, minimum inhibito-ry concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). This laboratory experimental study used the disc diffu-sion method to test the inhibition zone and the dilution method to determine the MIC and MBC with extract concentrations of 3.12%, 6.25%, 12.50%, 25%, 50%, and 100%, with metronidazole as the positive control and 96% ethanol as the negative con-trol. Aloe vera extract effectively inhibited the growth of P.gingivalis. The largest inhibition zone diameter was found at a concen-centration of 100% (27.16 mm), while the lowest concentration was 3.12% (8.8 mm). The MIC value was found at 3.12%, and the MBC value at 12.50%. The higher the concentration of aloe vera extract, the greater the inhibitory effect produced. Even at 50% and 100%, its effectiveness was higher than that of metronidazole. It is concluded that aloe vera extract has potential as a natural antibacterial agent against P.gingivalis and may be an alternative in the treatment of periodontal disease.

Prevalence of persistent primary teeth at the East Selemadeg I Community Health Centre in Tabanan, Bali, from period January 2024 to March 2025

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Dental health problems can occur in all age groups, especially in children, and it is important to pay attention to them. In addi-tion to caries, another common dental problem in children is persistent primary teeth. This study was conducted at the UPTD Selemadeg Timur I Community Health Centre, Tabanan, Bali, from January to March 2025. This study was conducted using an observational cross-sectional method. Data on patient visits for persistent deciduous teeth at the Selemadeg Timur I Commu-nity Health Centre, involved 359 patients. It was concluded that the high incidence of persistent teeth at the health centre may be due to a lack of knowledge among parents.

The level of dentist’s knowledge regarding the role of radiology in the field of forensic odontology in Makassar

Muliaty Y, Andi Amirrah Kalsum — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

A general dentist can be asked to assist in investigating incidents and disasters through dental identification in forensic odonto-logy. Radiography is often used because it is relatively easy and more economical. This article explores the knowledge of gene-ral dentists in Makassar regarding the role of radiology in forensic odontology. Through descriptive observational research with a cross-sectional design, data was collected from 50 general dentists practising in Makassar. A questionnaire was used to measure the general dentists' knowledge, consisting of 20 closed questions; a score of 1 was given for correct answers, and a score of 0 was given for incorrect answers. The data from the respondents' answers were divided into three knowledge categories: 50% of respondents had good knowledge, 46% had sufficient knowledge, and 4% had poor knowledge. It was concluded that 50% of general dentists in Makassar had good knowledge about the role of general dentists in forensic odontology.

Incidence rate of third molar impaction cases during a two-quarter period in patients at the Dental Clinic of the Baturiti II Community Health Centre in Tabanan

Dewa Indra Kusuma, Ni Putu Idaryati, Ni Luh Putu Ariani — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Third molar impaction is one of the most common dental and oral health problems encountered in primary health care services such as community health centres. This article reports the incidence of third molar impaction cases based on age and gender during a two-quarter period in patients at the dental clinic of the Baturiti II Community Health Centre in Tabanan. This descrip-tive study used secondary data from the E-Puskesmas system. The total number of visitors to the dental clinic of the Baturiti II Tabanan Community Health Centre during this period was 985, and the number of impaction cases was 32, resulting in a preva-lence of 3.24%. Based on gender, impaction cases were more common in females (59.3%) than males. Meanwhile, based on age, the 20-44 age group had the highest prevalence (81.25%). It was concluded that young adults and females have a higher risk of third molar impaction.

Effectiveness of disinfecting K-file contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus using alcohol, chlorhexidine, and sodium hypochlorite in different concentrations and durations

Maria Tanumihardja, Khaerunnisa Hasan, Sartika, Muh. Ibra Ikhza Gunawan — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This study evaluated the effectiveness of K-files contaminated with Staphylococcus aureus and immersion in alcohol, chlorhexi-dine, and sodium hypochlorite through CFU counting. Bacteria were identified through Gram staining and dilution to obtain an ini-tial 300 CFU, then the K-files were contaminated with bacteria. The samples were divided into three groups and repeated several times in a time series. For alcohol, the groups were divided into 70% and 96% concentrations. For chlorhexidine and sodium hy-pochlorite, each concentration was divided into three groups, and CFU counting was performed manually. The CFU results after immersion in 70% alcohol for 5, 10, and 15 minutes were 28 CFU, 5 CFU, and 0 CFU; 96% alcohol was 5 CFU, 1 CFU, and 0 CFU; 0.5%, 1%, and 2% chlorhexidine for 5 minutes and 10 minutes were 0 CFU; 0.25% sodium hypochlorite was 3 CFU, and for 10 minutes was 1 CFU; 0.5% and 1% sodium hypochlorite for 5 minutes and 10 minutes were 0 CFU. It was concluded that the antibacterial effectiveness of alcohol and sodium hypochlorite against S.aureus increased with increasing disinfectant concen-tration and K-file immersion time, while chlorhexidine was effective in killing S.aureus at a concentration of 0.5%. All disinfectants were effective for K-file disinfection.

Prevalence of pulp gangrene cases in dental clinic of Kerambitan II, Tabanan Community Health Center period October 2024-March 2025

Sang Ayu Putu Tata Aditya Pramesti, I Wayan Agus Wirya Pratama — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The pulp tissue is highly susceptible to damage caused by microbial invasion, physical trauma, chemical agents, or thermal injury. This study explored the prevalence of pulp gangrene based on the time of visit, gender, and age of patients at the Dental Clinic of the Kerambitan II Community Health Centre, Tabanan, Bali, during the period October 2024 to March 2025, using observatio-nal methods and a cross-sectional approach. The total number of patient visits during this period was 892; 89 patients were diag-nosed with pulp gangrene (60.49%). The highest number of cases occurred in March 2025 (15.1%). More than 50% of patients were female and the 19-34 age group dominated (22.82%). It was concluded that there is a high prevalence of pulp gangrene in women and the productive age. Therefore, pulp capping and root canal treatment are required for patients with pulp gangrene.

Comparison of dental caries cases in paediatric and adult patients at the Dental Clinic of the Baturiti II Community Health Centre, Tabanan

Ni Made Yunita Maharani Dewi, Ni Putu Idaryati, Ni Luh Putu Ariani — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Oral health plays an important role in creating a healthy lifestyle. Caries are the most common oral disease, affecting 60-90% of school children and nearly 100% of adults. The purpose of this study was to determine the comparison of dental caries cases in paediatric and adult patients at the Baturiti II Tabanan Community Health Centre dental clinic. This quantitative study with a des-criptive observational design was conducted using purposive sampling on paediatric patients aged 6-11 years and adult patients aged 26-45 years who had dental caries at the Baturiti II Tabanan Community Health Centre Dental Clinic. The results of this study showed that there were 22 patients with dental caries who visited the clinic from January to March 2025. The highest caries group based on age was adults (82.4%), while based on gender, there were 12 males (54.5%). It was concluded that education is needed on how to maintain dental and oral health, as well as how to prevent, treat, and manage caries appropriately, in order to reduce the incidence of caries in both children and adults.

Profile of periodontal disease associated by diabetes mellitus, hypertension, asthma in RSGMP Hasanuddin University year 2023-2024

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this study was to determine the profile of periodontal disease in patients with diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and asthma at RSGMP Hasanuddin University in 2023-2024. The type of research used is quantitative research with descriptive re-search design with cross-sectional study design. The study was conducted on periodontal disease patients suffering from DM, hypertension, and asthma who came to RSGMP Unhas in 2023. The results of the study found 2048 patients with periodontal disease at RSGMP Unhas in 2023. Female gender was found to be more common, namely 1319 patients (54.78%) and male patients as many as 1089 (45.22%). The frequency distribution of periodontal disease accompanied by DM, male sex as many as 8 (5%) patients and female 8 (5%) patients, for the distribution of hypertension in female patients found as many as 17 people (47.22%) while in male patients found as many as 19 people (52.77%). Asthma patients, male gender as many as 1 patient (0.25%) and female 3 patients (0.75%). Conclusion The frequency distribution of periodontal disease accompanied by DM and hypertension most often found chronic periodontitis. And for asthma patients, periodontal diseases found were chronic periodontitis, gingival enlargement, irreversible pulpitis and apical abscess.

The effect of using swamp water for daily needs on the saliva pH of non-smoking male farmers in Senajam Village, West Kalimantan Province

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

With a balanced pH, saliva protects the surface of the teeth from damage, inhibits the growth of pathogenic bacteria, and sup-ports the natural remineralisation process in tooth enamel. The quality of water used on a daily basis plays an important role in overall health, including dental and oral health. Different types of water have unique characteristics, including pH or acidity le-vels, which can affect oral health and surrounding tissues. Based on this background, this study aims to provide further insight into the pH condition of saliva in non-smokers, particularly in the male farming community in Senajam Hamlet who use swamp water for their daily needs, thereby revealing the effect of the habit of using swamp water, which has an acidic concentra-tion, on oral health. The results showed that 58% of the study participants had acidic values, 10.5% had alkaline values, and 31.5% had normal values. It was concluded that long-term use of acidic swamp water contributes to a decrease in saliva pH.

The consequences of external factors of smoking behaviour on the risk of dental caries among teenage smokers and non-smokers at SMKN 2 Padang

Sabrina Arifah Adriani, Yulia Rahmad, Okmes Fadriyanti — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Smoking behaviour among adolescents has become one of the main factors affecting dental and oral health, particularly in in-creasing the risk of caries. Data from Health Office of Padang City shows a high prevalence of dental caries at SMKN 2 Padang. This article reports the results of a study on the consequences of external factors of smoking behaviour on the risk of dental caries among adolescent smokers and non-smokers at SMKN 2 Padang. A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted with 68 Grade XI students at SMKN 2 Padang. Data were collected through oral cavity examinations using the DMF-T index and ques-tionnaires evaluating external factors such as the influence of parents, peers, and cigarette advertisements. Univariate data ana-lysis was presented in tables, and bivariate analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney test. It was found that smoking stu-dents had a higher severity of caries compared to non-smoking students. A total of 13 students (19.12%) who smoked had very high levels of caries, while 34 non-smoking students had a caries level of 0. It was concluded that dental caries in smokers was higher and the main cause was peer influence.

Prevalence of chronic gingivitis cases at the East Selemadeg I Community Health Centre in Tabanan, Bali, from January 2024 to March 2025

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Gingivitis is a common oral disease with a high prevalence in Indonesia. Educational and promotional efforts are needed to raise awareness among the public, especially adolescents, about preventing gingivitis. This observational study used a cross-sectional methodology, showing the highest number of cases recorded in October 2024 (16.4%). Of the total 49 cases, 71.5% were fe-male patients. Based on age, most patients with gingivitis were in the 19-40 age range (63.3%). This condition indicates that hor-monal status in women can affect the condition of gingival tissue. It is concluded that gingivitis cases at the Selemadeg Timur I Health Centre are more commonly experienced by women and, based on age, most frequently occur in the 19-40 age range.

Prevalence of pulp necrosis cases at the East Selemadeg I Community Health Centre in Tabanan, Bali, from January 2024 to March 2025

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Untreated caries can lead to pulp tissue death or pulp necrosis. Promotive and preventive measures need to be improved to re-duce the incidence of this condition with the aim of improving the quality of life of the community, especially in the dental and oral health sector. This observational study used a cross-sectional method, showing that the highest number of cases was recorded in October 2024 at 20.5%. Of the total 105 cases, 60% were female patients and 40% were male. This comparison shows that women tend to suffer from pulp necrosis more often, which can be correlated with the tendency for women to snack, causing caries to worsen into pulp necrosis. It is concluded that cases of pulp necrosis at the Selemadeg Timur I Community Health Centre are more common among women, which is related to women's snacking habits that increase the risk of caries.

Overview of knowledge level clinical students of Faculty of Dentistry Hasanuddin University regarding burning mouth syndrome

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Burning mouth syndrome (BMS), or glossopyrosis, is a condition characterised by a burning sensation or pain in certain areas of the oral cavity, particularly the tongue, without any changes to the surface of the oral tissue. Some data indicate that BMS suffer-ers are not being treated properly, highlighting the importance of clinical education about BMS for practitioners. This study explo-res the level of knowledge of professional students about BMS. This descriptive analytical cross-sectional study used a ques-tionnaire to collect data, with 74.2% of respondents demonstrating good knowledge of BMS and showing motivation to learn after completing the Clinical Readiness Programme. It was concluded that professional students have a good level of knowledge about BMS, but further research is needed, especially among undergraduate dental students, to increase awareness and knowledge about BMS.

Prevalence of dental caries based on gender at Puskesmas Kerambitan II, Tabanan Bali, during the period October 2024-March 2025

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Public awareness of the importance of dental health remains low. Based on registration data at the Kerambitan II Community Health Centre for the period October 2024 to March 2025, dentine caries ranked fourth among the ten most common diseases at the clinic. A descriptive study in the form of an epidemiological case report covering six months from October 2024 to March 2025 was conducted in April 2025 at the Kerambitan II Community Health Centre. The population consisted of all patients who had their teeth and mouth examined at the Dental Clinic, and the sample consisted of all patients suffering from caries. The prevalence of dental caries between males and females showed that dental caries was more common in females. The highest number was in October 2024, with 13 females (61.90%). It was concluded that based on gender, dental caries was more common in females.

Co-design approach in developing oral health applications for school age children

Ivana Abigayl, Risqa Rina Darwita , Melissa Adiatman — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Oral health promotion among school age children requires innovative and engaging strategies to address persistent challenges such as dental caries and poor hygiene practices. Co-design methodology emphasizes the active involvement of end user chil-dren, parents, teachers, and health professionals in developing interventions tailored to their needs and context. This study re-views the use of a co-design approach in developing a school-based digital health application to improve oral health behaviors in children. The review examined stakeholder involvement, including children, parents, teachers, and health professionals in sha-ping content, usability, and engagement features of oral health applications. Evidence indicates that co-design enhances the re-levance, usability, and acceptability of digital oral health interventions by integrating the lived experiences and preferences of tar-get users. Applications developed through co-design showed higher levels of engagement, improved oral health knowledge, and better adherence to preventive behaviors among school children. It is concluded that co-design enhances the relevance, usabi-bility, and acceptability of digital oral health interventions by integrating the lived experiences and preferences of target users.

Prevalence of chronic periodontitis cases at the East Selemadeg I Community Health Centre in Tabanan, Bali, January 2024 to March 2025

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Periodontal disease in Indonesia has a case incidence rate of 96.58%, one of which is rapidly developing periodontitis, affecting approximately 10.5-12% of the world's population. Chronic periodontitis is a significant oral health problem in Indonesia, with pre-valence increasing with age. This study explores the prevalence of chronic periodontitis cases at the Dental Clinic of the Selema-deg Timur I Public Health Centre, Tabanan, Bali, using a cross-sectional research design. The data consisted of patient visit re-cords from January 2024 to March 2025, covering 266 patients diagnosed with chronic periodontitis, showing that female pati-ents were more dominant with a prevalence of 56%. Based on age, the 61-65 age group had the highest number of visits (29.32%). It was concluded that there is a relationship between low educational levels and poor oral health awareness, which contributes to the high incidence of periodontitis. For prevention and treatment, procedures such as scaling, root planing, and surgical inter-vention if necessary are recommended.

Phthisis bulbi customized ocular prosthesis with digital photography technique for aesthetic iris

Orbadewo Atma Saktinegara, Irfan Dammar, Eri Hendra Jubhari — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Phthisis bulbi is an eye condition caused by the healing of wounds due to severe trauma, inflammation, or tumour necrosis. Eye-related disabilities can cause significant physical and emotional distress. This case report describes prosthetic rehabilitation in a patient with phthisis bulbi using a simple digital photography technique for iris creation, resulting in an aesthetically pleasing and satisfactory outcome. A 23-year-old woman diagnosed with left eye atrophy bulbi/phthisis bulbi was referred to RSGMP Un-has for ocular prosthesis fabrication. After anatomical eye moulding, the laboratory stage followed, involving the creation of a wax pattern and acrylic scleral shell, followed by a try-in on the patient, iris creation using photography techniques, and ocular prosthesis insertion. It was concluded that iris creation using digital photography techniques can produce aesthetic ocular pros-theses and save more time than conventional techniques.

Gingivectomy and gingivoplasty surgery in cases of inflammatory gingival enlargement

Steffi Triany Arnov, Farah Kanza Nabila, Mutia Nurul Fauziah, Julian Pratama — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Gingival enlargement can be caused by plaque accumulation, triggering inflammation of the gingiva that affects aesthetics and makes cleaning difficult. This condition needs to be treated as early as possible with gingivectomy and gingivoplasty. This article describes the procedures of gingivectomy and gingivoplasty in patients with gingival enlargement accompanied by poor oral hy-giene. A 19-year-old woman came to Unimus Dental Hospital complaining of enlarged anterior gums that bled when brushing her teeth. Clinical examination revealed rounded, reddened gums with an unstippled texture and soft consistency, no recession, BOP (+) on certain teeth, and grade 0 mobility. Panoramic radiography showed no bone resorption. Conventional gingivectomy and gingivoplasty were performed on teeth 12, 11, 21, 22, and 42. At the 2-week postoperative check-up, the gums were no longer inflamed, with the gingival margin following the contour of the teeth, and there was a noticeable difference before and after gi-ngivectomy. The patient had no complaints or pain. It was concluded that the gingivectomy procedure provided satisfactory re-sults for the patient both aesthetically and medically.

The use of hybrid prosthesis with precision attachment in the management of free end partial tooth loss

Nur Rahmah, Rifaat Nurrahma, Eri Hendra Jubhari, Syakhrul Affandhy — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Perawatan kasus edentulus sebagian memerlukan perhatian khusus terhadap prinsip desain dan estetika. Hybrid prosthesis de-ngan precision attachment telah menjadi salah satu pilihan untuk mengatasi kasus gigi tiruan cekat dengan free-end. Artikel ini menggambarkan penggunaan hybrid prosthesis dengan precision attachment dalam mengatasi kasus edentulus sebagian kom-pleks. Seorang wanita berusia 56 tahun datang ke RSGMP Universitas Hasanuddin dengan keluhan hilangnya beberapa gigi di rahang atas dan bawah, serta ada gigi yang goyah. Hasil rehabilitasi mulut lengkap ini melibatkan penggunaan hybrid prosthe-sis dengan precision attachment pada RA, serta pemasangan gigi tiruan kerangka logam pada RB untuk koreksi estetika. Disim-pulkan bahwa penggunaan precision attachment pada hybrid prosthesis memberikan banyak manfaat, meskipun membutuhkan tahapan klinis dan teknologi yang tepat, serta pengetahuan dan keterampilan yang baik bagi operator dan teknisi laboratorium.

Management of generalized gingivitis associated with malnutrition

Aliya Syaikah, En Nadia, A S Permatasari — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Malnutrition is defined as insufficient, unbalanced, or excessive intake of macronutrients, micronutrients, or both. Malnutrition does not cause periodontal disease, but it increases the risk of its occurrence and accelerates its progression. This study observed changes in the periodontium of malnourished children after treatment. A boy came to the Unhas Dental Hospital after being re-ferred from a hospital, complaining of swollen gums, bright red colour, and easy bleeding, especially when eating and brushing his teeth. The patient tended to eat soft foods, was born with a history of low birth weight, had frequent fevers, and had no history of seizures or drug allergies. Upon examination, his weight was 17 kg, and he appeared pale. Intraorally, his OH was poor, with gi-ngival enlargement, bright red, and easy bleeding. Laboratory tests and consultation with a paediatrician revealed no blood dis-orders or systemic diseases, and he was prescribed multivitamins. After one session of DHE and manual supragingival scaling by the dentist, improvement in the gums was observed. The patient also began to be able to eat more solid foods. It was conclu-cluded that nutritional improvement and the elimination of plaque and calculus factors are effective in managing generalised gi-ngivitis influenced by malnutrition.

Occlusal splint combined selective grinding on postural balance of patients with signs and symptoms of temporomandibular disorder

Ibnu Rusyd, Mohammad Dharma Utama — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Temporomandibular disorders (TMD) is a collective term for a group of musculoskeletal conditions involving pain and or dys-function in the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints and associated structures. Occlusal equilibration in occlusal splint (OS) was then performed for the patient by selective tooth grinding, because it was estimated that the interocclusal space bet-ween upper and lower occlusal surfaces would be rectified by selective grinding. This article provides information about patient management with OS combined selective grinding on postural balance of patients with signs and symptoms of TMD. A 32-year-old female patient came to the Prosthodontics Department Hasanuddin University Hospital with a chief complaint of pain in the left TMJ. It is concluded that conservative treatment including counselling, selective grinding, OS therapy, and others should be considered as a first-choice therapy for TMD pain because of their low risk of side effects. In the case of severe acute pain or chronic pain resulting from serious disorders, inflammation or degeneration pharmacotherapy, minimally inva-sive and invasive procedures should be considered.

Interprofessional collaboration in aesthetic correction rehabilitation

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Interprofessional teamwork is essential in performing medical procedures to ensure effective and efficient healthcare services. This case report discusses teamwork at the Hasanuddin University Dental and Oral Health Education Hospital in rehabilitating a case that required interprofessional collaboration. A 17-year-old female patient came to the Prosthodontics Clinic of the Hasa-nuddin University Dental and Oral Hospital, referred from the Pedodontics Department, which had performed root canal treatment due to a fractured upper front tooth caused by a traffic accident. A post crown was made on the fractured tooth 12 and a veneer was applied to the upper anterior jaw to correct the rotation and improve aesthetics. It was concluded that the treatment using an interprofessional collaborative approach in rehabilitating cases requiring aesthetic correction was successfully performed, and the patient was satisfied.

Rehabilitation using immediate dentures on teeth with periodontal abnormalities

Muh. Ichram Arief Hidayat, Muhammad Ikbal, Eri Hendra Jubhari — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Tooth loss can affect the aesthetics, function, psychology and social condition ofpatients, especially in the front teeth. This can be prevented with immediate denture prosthetic rehabilitation to avoid the tooth loss phase. This article reports the success of lo-wer jaw immediate denture treatment incases of tooth extraction caused by periodontal abnormalities in order tomaintain function and aesthetics in patients. Clinical examination showed tooth loss in 31, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 43, 44, 45, 46, and 48, accompanied by severe resorption of the alveolar ridge. Extraction of teeth 33, 32, 41, and 42 was performed after the denturewas fabricated. It was concluded that immediate denture treatment of the lower jaw can maintain the function and aesthetics of patients with tooth extraction caused by periodontal disorders.

Effects of myofunctional appliance in children with sleep-disordered breathing

Ardiansyah S. Pawinru, Muh. Chaerul Gunawan — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Several sleep-related breathing disorders include sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), upper airway resistance syndrome, and obstructive sleep apnoea. Myofunctional therapy involves exercises designed to improve coordination, strength, and control of the orofacial muscles. This review was prepared in accordance with PRISMA and adapted to journal guidelines. This study shows that myofunctional therapy is an effective non-surgical approach to managing sleep-disordered breathing in children. Through orofacial muscle exercises, this therapy has the potential to reduce the severity of SDB symptoms and improve children's sleep quality. Myofunctional therapy not only helps to overcome airway obstruction caused by enlarged adenoids or tonsils, but also contributes to the improvement of overall orofacial function. It is concluded that a holistic approach to SDB management can provide better results than traditional methods such as the use of continuous positive airway pressure or surgical intervention.

Oral gymnastics as orthodontics interseptive treatments

Khusnul Fatimah Azzahra, Wiwik Elnangti Wijaya — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Orofacial myofunctional exercises are facial and lip muscle exercises that play a role in orofacial functions such as speaking, chewing, and swallowing. Interceptive orthodontic treatment is used to reduce the severity of malocclusion, improve facial con-tours and increase self-confidence, eliminate bad habits, encourage normal tooth eruption, and improve growth patterns. This ar-ticle informs that oral and orofacial exercises help reduce the severity of malocclusion, control unhealthy oral habits, and improve muscle and speech abilities while maintaining the harmony of orofacial function. It is concluded that orofacial myofunctional exer-cises are exercises related to the muscles of the face and lips that play a role in orofacial functions such as speaking, chewing, and swallowing, and can help reduce the severity of dental malocclusion if performed early as part of orthodontic treatment.

Potential of Stichopus hermanni as a scaffold material in dental tissue engineering

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article evaluates Stichopus hermanni as a scaffold for dental tissue engineering, focusing on biocompatibility, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation. A systematic literature was conducted through PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, ScienceDi- rect, Google Scholar, and national databases. Studies were selected using the PICOS framework, covering both in vitro and in vivo research. The results showed that S.hermanni-based scaffolds, either alone or in combination with hydroxyapatite or chito-san, exhibited high biocompatibility, non-toxicity, increased osteogenic markers (CD44, IL-10, osteocalcin, bFGF), angiogenesis, and woven bone formation. This scaffold also reduced osteoclast activity through immunomodulatory effects. It was concluded that S.hermanni has strong potential as a biomaterial scaffold in dental tissue engineering, supporting the safe and effective re-generation of hard and soft tissues.

Extraction of keratinase enzyme from marine Actinomycetes and its antibacterial againts S.aureus

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen often associated with serious infections and antibiotic resistance. In the search for alternative treatments, marine Actinomycetes are a potential source due to their ability to produce bioactive enzymes, one of which is keratinase. In addition to its function in keratin degradation, this enzyme is also known to have potential as an antibacte-rial agent. This article explores the extraction of keratinase enzymes from marine Actinomycetes isolates and tests their antibac-terial activity against S.aureus, as a first step in the utilisation of marine biotechnology for medical and pharmaceutical purposes. This systematic review was compiled based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines. Initial search results of 135 articles were then excluded, yielding four articles that showed that marine Ac-tinomycetes have antibacterial potential against S.aureus. It was concluded that the extraction of keratinase enzymes from ma-rine Actinomycetes showed significant antibacterial activity against S.aureus, indicating the potential of keratinase as an alter-native agent for treating gram-positive bacterial infections, especially amid increasing resistance to antibiotics.

Relation of dental caries with the risk of barodontalgia among professional divers

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Barodontalgia is pain in the teeth triggered by changes in air pressure during diving, and is a common complaint among profes-sional divers. One of the main risk factors for barodontalgia is poor dental health, particularly active caries or imperfect restorati-ons. This article systematically reviews the latest scientific evidence on the relationship between dental caries and the risk of ba-rodontalgia in professional divers. The article search was conducted through the PubMed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases. The prevalence of barodontalgia in divers is 10.8-56.1%, generally caused by caries and leaky restorations. It is concluded that comprehensive dental screening and treatment should be part of the medical protocol before diving to minimise the risk of dental pain and improve diver safety.

Prosthodontic rehabilitation of an edentulous maxilla opposing natural mandibular teeth: a preventive approach to Kelly’s Syndrome

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Rehabilitation of an edentulous upper jaw that contacts natural lower jaw teeth poses unique prosthodontic challenges due to uneven load distribution. If not managed properly, this biomechanical imbalance can lead to Kelly Syndrome. A 55-year-old wo-man presented to Hasanuddin University Dental Hospital with the primary complaint of difficulty chewing and reduced self-con-fidence due to extensive tooth loss, but had never used dentures. Intraoral examination revealed total edentulism in the upper jaw and posterior tooth loss in the lower jaw, with teeth 33, 32, 31, 41, 42, and 43 remaining. The posterior alveolar bone of the lo-wer jaw was relatively flat, and there was enlargement of the maxillary tuberosity. The patient reported no relevant systemic disea-ses. The patient sought prosthetic rehabilitation to restore chewing function and improve aesthetics. It was concluded that a com-bination of a metal framework, functional impressions using a modified impression technique, and carefully designed lingual oc-clusion together provide optimal tissue support, stability, and load distribution, as well as prevention against the development of Kelly Syndrome.

Potential of marine algae polysaccharides as bioactive agents in dental polymers

Erika Ramadhani, Yusnita Damayanti, Shohwah Zakiyah, Lenni Indriani — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The use of natural biomaterials in dentistry has grown significantly in recent decades due to increasing demand for bioactive, bio-compatible, and environmentally friendly materials. Marine algae-derived polysaccharides—such as alginate, fucoidan, carra-geenan, ulvan, and agarose—have emerged as promising candidates due to their antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and bioadhesive properties. This article reviews the potential of algal polysaccharides as foundational materials for bioactive po-lymers in dentistry. Their applications include regenerative scaffolds, local drug delivery systems, root canal filling materials, and membrane guided tissue regeneration. Studies show these polysaccharides are safe, biocompatible, and support tissue rege-neration and therapeutic outcomes in oral care. However, further in vivo and clinical research, along with standardized methods for extraction and chemical modification, are necessary to ensure consistent quality and clinical effectiveness.

Recent developments in root canal treatment techniques in dental conservation

Made Mega Indah Purnamawati, Maya Sari Dewi, I Gusti Agung Ayu Hartini — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Root canal treatment (RCT) is an important procedure in dental conservation to preserve teeth that have undergone pulp infection or damage. This literature review examines the latest developments in RCT techniques, focusing on publications from the last five years. A systematic literature search was conducted using electronic databases with relevant keywords. The results show rapid advances in rotary instruments, minimally invasive preparation techniques, irrigation systems, obturation materials, and re-generative approaches. Imaging technologies such as CBCT and operating microscopes also contribute significantly to improving treatment success. It was concluded that the latest techniques in RCT have improved the efficiency, accuracy, and success rate of treatment, although long-term research is still needed to comprehensively validate the effectiveness.

Benefits and challenges of presurgical nasoalveolar molding placement for a unilateral cleft lip and palate a case series

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Pre-surgical nasoalveolar moulding (PNAM) has been applied to reshape the divided nasal structure, facilitate surgical interven-tion, and reduce the severity and tension of the cleft. This article presents three cases of patients with unilateral cleft lip and pa-late (UCLP) who underwent PNAM prior to surgery, highlighting the diverse cases of cleft and patient characteristics, which aid in the management of nasal clefts and yield more robust evidence-based outcomes. The main challenge in PNAM therapy is en-suring patient and family caregiver compliance with treatment, given that young patients must adapt to the device fitting and activation. Monitoring also requires regular and repeated visits, which can be time-consuming and cause psychological stress due to witnessing the patient's adaptation to the device. It is concluded that PNAM treatment reduces the width of the alveolar cleft. This treatment improves nasal symmetry by altering the columella angle, maintaining alar width, extending the height of the nos-trils on the affected side, and increasing columella length. Cooperation between patients, family caregivers, and the medical team is essential for better outcomes.

Non-pharmacological: new approaches to get painless local anaesthesia for paediatric dentistry

Nurasisa Lestari, Andi Sri Permatasari — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Pain management remains a top priority for dentists, including in the treatment of paediatric patients. Local anaesthesia injections remain one of the most feared procedures in paediatric dentistry. Paediatric dentistry as a profession has undergone many chan-ges due to advances in technology, materials and disease knowledge. Newer non-pharmacological approaches have been de-veloped to provide injections that are virtually painless. This article summarises the latest advances in non-pharmacological lo-cal anaesthesia techniques. It is concluded that effective and pain-free local anaesthesia is crucial for fostering a positive atti-tude and maintaining good oral health in children through a positive relationship with the dentist.

Management of bi-maxillary protrusion with temporary anchorage device

Ardiansyah S. Pawinru, A. Arigoh Asjad — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Bimaxillary protrusion is a malocclusion characterised by the proclination of the upper and lower incisors and an increase in lip inclination, resulting in a convex facial profile and aesthetic imbalance. This article discusses the role of temporary anchorage devices (TADs) as an alternative absolute anchorage in the orthodontic management of bimaxillary protrusion, particularly in severe cases. The study was conducted based on various scientific literature and relevant case reports compiled in accord-ance with PRISMA. The study shows that TADs are more effective than conventional anchorage devices such as headgear in maintaining molar stability and producing better skeletal, dental, and soft tissue changes. It is concluded that TADs are a modern solution in orthodontics that can address the challenge of anterior tooth retraction without losing posterior anchorage and be-come a new standard in the management of bimaxillary protrusion.

The role of dental sleep medicine for treating sleep disordered breathing

Levina Sisfianti, Eka Erwansyah — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Dental sleep medicine (DSM) is a branch of dentistry that generally focuses on the treatment of patients with sleep-disordered breathing (SDB), such as snoring and obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA), using oral appliances (OA). Orofacial pain, xerostomia, hy-persalivation, gastroesophageal reflux, and bruxism are also included in SDB related to teeth and gums. DSM covers conditi-ons originating from the teeth, mouth, facial structures, and temporomandibular joints, as well as factors that affect the quality and/ or quantity of sleep. OA or mandibular advancement devices are effective for SDB treatment because they are cooperative and individual variations in their use can determine the success of treatment. This study reviews and provides a comprehensive over-view of the role of DSM in the treatment of SDB cases. It is concluded that DSM such as OA or MAD used in cooperative pa-tients is an effective treatment for SDB cases.

Advanced management of separated root canal instruments in mandibular molars: bypass technique combined with diode laser irrigation

Noor Hikmah, Dian Bunga Lestari — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The bypass technique allows for optimal cleaning and shaping of the root canal around the fractured instrument, thereby in-creasing the chances of successful treatment. A 25-year-old woman came to RSGMP Unhas complaining of a lump on her lo-wer right posterior gum and had undergone root canal treatment but it was not yet complete. Intraoral examination of tooth 46 revealed vitality test (-), percussion (-), and palpation (-) with a 3 mm diameter fistula on the lingual side. Radiographic exami-nation of the fractured instrument showed widening of the periodontal ligament at the apical third of the mesial root canal. The initial diagnosis was incomplete therapy accompanied by chronic apical abscess. The patient was scheduled for endodontic treatment using the bypass technique. Root canal preparation was performed using the bypass technique with K-files numbered 8 to 20, followed by preparation using Protaper Gold F4 and disinfection with 5.25% NaOCl, as well as activation using a diode laser for 20 seconds in 3 cycles. Ca(OH)₂ was placed as a root canal medication for 2 weeks. Obturation was performed using the hydraulic condensation technique with a bioceramic sealer. The patient showed no symptoms and experienced stable im-provement. Monitoring for 3 months is ongoing. It is concluded that the careful application of the bypass technique, supported by a diode laser, provides a reliable and effective method for addressing the challenge of fractured endodontic instruments.

Management of intruded primary teeth using computer-controlled local anesthetic delivery systems

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Intrusion is the most common trauma in children. Management of intruded deciduous teeth includes spontaneous re-eruption or ex-traction. Pain management during extraction is performed with local anaesthesia, but this can cause fear and pain in patients. This case report describes the management of an intruded primary tooth using a computer-controlled local anaesthesia system (CCLAD). A 6-year-old boy presented with an intruded maxillary primary incisor following a fall from stairs the previous day. Clinical findings included swelling and ulceration of the lip and chin, haematoma, and gingival ulceration. Ellis Class IX fractures were no-ted in teeth 51, 61, and 62 with severe intrusion (grade III), slight mobility, and fusion of 61-62. Panoramic imaging revealed age-nesis of teeth 22. After one week of observation for spontaneous re-eruption, extraction of teeth 51, 61, and 62 was performed due to the risk to the permanent replacement teeth. Anaesthesia was administered using the P-ASA (palatal-alveolar superior anterior) technique with SleeperOne5 (CCLAD), improving patient comfort and reducing fear. Monitoring over 12 months showed no com-plications. It was concluded that SleeperOne5 as a CCLAD with the P-ASA anaesthesia approach is a useful alternative for ma-naging multiple impacted anterior deciduous teeth.

Moisture content test of effervescent denture cleaner tablets made from 6.5% cocoa fruit peel (Theobroma cacao L.)

Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Effervescent tablets are a type of pharmaceutical formulation; they are a mixture of acids and bases that release carbon di-oxide and produce foam when dissolved in water. This article discusses the water content of effervescent tablets used as den-ture cleansers made from 6.5% cocoa bean shell extract (Theobroma cacao L.). A true experimental study was conducted using 16 effervescent tablets and a moisture analyser. The comparison test results showed a p-value of 0.000 (<0.05). This in-dicates that there is a significant difference in the water content of 6.5% CBS effervescent tablets and alkaline peroxide ef-fervescent tablets. It is concluded that there is a significant difference between the water content of CBS effervescent ta-blets and alkaline peroxide effervescent tablets, but both meet the requirements for good water content (≤ 10%).

Author Guideline

MDJ — Mon, 01 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Author Guideline